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Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. The greater the biodiversity, the stronger the ecosystem.

Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining a healthy planet. It contributes to air and water purification and helps regulate the climate. Additionally, it supports pollination, organic waste recycling, and soil quality improvement. In short, biodiversity is not only essential for nature but also for the economy and agriculture.

Selecting the right plants around the greenhouse is vital for promoting biodiversity. It is essential to choose plants that attract natural predators and pollinators without increasing pest pressure inside the greenhouse. Plants such as nettles, thistles, and tall grasses can attract pests by providing a rich food source for insects. On the other hand, herb-rich and flower seed mixtures help attract pollinators and natural enemies, which help keep pests under control.

The survival of beneficial insects and birds depends on the four ³Õ’s: food, moisture, safety, and breeding space. By connecting habitats with suitable vegetation, these species can move and survive. This supports a healthy population of beneficial insects and birds, contributing to a stable ecosystem around the greenhouse.

An effective herb mixture should balance species that attract natural predators and those that feed pests. Herbs with small flowers are particularly suitable because they attract pollinators and pest controllers with their nectar and pollen. Native plant species are also an excellent choice because they are well adapted to local conditions and contribute to ecosystem stability. A good example is the yellow rattle, which parasitizes grass and attracts many beneficial insects, such as Orius species.

Flower borders are an excellent way to increase biodiversity around the greenhouse. There are different methods to establish flower borders, depending on the soil type and the desired result.

Some options include:

• Ecological mowing management: Mowing and removing grass to deplete the soil, allowing herbs to grow naturally.

• Traditional field margins: A mix of annual herbs, ideal for attracting pollinators and natural predators.

• A mix with rarer perennial herbs: Suitable for poorer soils, contributing to long-term biodiversity.

• Wadi mixture: Suitable for richer soils, often containing native herbs that tolerate waterlogging.

Woody plants play a crucial role in promoting biodiversity. They provide shelter and overwintering opportunities for birds and insects. Birds use the branches for protection and nesting, while insects hide in leaves, stems, or the mulch layer on the ground. Additionally, woody plants contribute to local wildlife food supply through their abundant flowering, which provides nectar, pollen, and berries.

Nesting sites are essential for the reproduction and survival of both birds and insects. Providing suitable shelter and nesting places helps maintain and even increase populations.

Some examples of nesting sites include:

• Birdhouses: Specific nesting boxes for different bird species.

• Bat boxes: Bats are useful predators that help control airborne pests.

• Logs: Suitable for overwintering beneficial insects.

• Wood chips: A natural overwintering site for insects.

• Clay mounds: Ideal for bees and other insects.

• Sand mounds: Wintering spots for sand bees.

By implementing these measures, you create a safe environment for beneficial insects and birds to reproduce, significantly enhancing biodiversity around the greenhouse.

Improving biodiversity around the greenhouse is not only beneficial for the environment but also for the health of your crops. By applying the above tips, you can create a balanced ecosystem where beneficial insects and birds can thrive. This will not only help control pests but also contribute to a more sustainable agricultural system.